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Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and short story writer. His works have been translated into 27 languages.〔("Imperial Bedrooms by Bret Easton Ellis" ). randomhouse.com. Retrieved July 30, 2012〕 He was at first regarded as one of the so-called literary Brat Pack, which also included Tama Janowitz and Jay McInerney. He is a self-proclaimed satirist,〔("Interview by Still in Rock, “Rock is Dead”, October 2015" )〕 whose trademark technique, as a writer, is the expression of extreme acts and opinions in an affectless style. Ellis employs a technique of linking novels with common, recurring characters. Though Ellis made his debut at 21 with the controversial 1985 bestseller ''Less Than Zero'', a zeitgeist novel about wealthy amoral young people in Los Angeles, the work he is most known for is his third novel, 1991's ''American Psycho''. On its release, the literary establishment widely condemned the novel as overly violent and misogynistic. Though many petitions to ban the book saw Ellis dropped by Simon & Schuster, the resounding controversy convinced Alfred A. Knopf to release it as a paperback later that year. Four of Ellis's works have been made into films. ''Less Than Zero'' was rapidly adapted for screen, leading to the release of a starkly different ''Less Than Zero'' film in 1987. Mary Harron's adaptation of ''American Psycho'' was released to predominantly positive reviews in 2000, and went on to achieve cult status. In later years, Ellis' novels have become increasingly metafictional. 2005's ''Lunar Park'', a pseudo-memoir and ghost story, received positive reviews, and 2010s ''Imperial Bedrooms'', marketed as a sequel to ''Less Than Zero'', continues in this vein. ==Life and career== Ellis was born in Los Angeles to a middle class California household and raised in Sherman Oaks in the San Fernando Valley. His father, Robert Martin Ellis, was a property developer, and his mother, Dale (Dennis) Ellis, was a homemaker. They divorced in 1982. Ellis stated, during the initial release of his third novel ''American Psycho,'' that his father was abusive and he became the basis of that book's most well-known character Patrick Bateman. Later, Ellis claimed that the character was not in fact based on his father, but on Ellis himself, saying that all of his work came from a specific place of pain he was going through in his life during the writing of each of his books. Ellis claims that while his family life growing up was somewhat difficult due to the divorce, he mostly had an 'idyllic' California childhood. Ellis was educated at The Buckley School; he then attended Bennington College in Vermont, originally studying music, then gradually gravitating to writing, which was one of his passions since he was a child. Here he met and befriended Donna Tartt and Jonathan Lethem, who both would later become published writers. Bennington College was also where Ellis completed a novel he had been working on for many years. That book would be ''Less Than Zero'' and would go on to be published while Ellis was just 21 and still in college- thus propelling him to instant fame. After the success and controversy of ''Less Than Zero'' in 1985, Ellis became closely associated and good friends with fellow Brat Pack writer Jay McInerney: the two became known as the "toxic twins" for their highly publicized, late night debauchery. The writer became a pariah for a time following the release of ''American Psycho'' (1991), which later became a critical and cult hit, more so after its 2000 movie adaptation. It is now regarded as Ellis's magnum opus and is favorably looked upon by academics. ''The Informers'' (1994) was offered to his publisher during ''Glamoramas long writing history. Ellis wrote a screenplay for ''The Rules of Attraction''s film adaptation which was not used. Ellis records a fictionalized version of his life story up until this point in the first chapter of ''Lunar Park'' (2005). After the death of his lover Michael Wade Kaplan, Ellis was spurred to finish ''Lunar Park'' and inflected it with a new tone of wistfulness. Ellis was approached by young screenwriter Nicholas Jarecki to adapt ''The Informers'' into a film; the script they co-wrote was cut from 150 to 94 pages and taken from Jarecki to give to Australian director Gregor Jordan, whose light-on-humor vision of the film was met with unanimously negative reviews when the film was released in 2009. Despite setbacks as a screenwriter, Ellis teamed up with acclaimed director Gus Van Sant in 2009 to adapt the ''Vanity Fair'' article "The Golden Suicides" into a film of the same name, depicting the paranoid final days and suicides of celebrity artists Theresa Duncan and Jeremy Blake. The film, as of 2014, has never been made. When Van Sant appeared on The Bret Easton Ellis Podcast on February 12, 2014, he stated that he was never attached to the project as a screenwriter or a director, merely a consultant, claiming that the material seemed too tricky for him to properly render on screen. Ellis and Van Sant mentioned that Naomi Watts and Ryan Gosling were approached to star as Duncan and Blake, respectively. Ellis confirmed that he and his producing partner Braxton Pope are still working on the project, with Ellis revisiting the screenplay from time to time. As of April 2014, radical filmmaker Gaspar Noé was officially attached to direct if the film went into production, but he proved troublesome to work with due to his erratic behavior.〔 In 2010, Ellis released ''Imperial Bedrooms'', the sequel to his début novel. Ellis wrote it following his return to LA and fictionalizes his work on the film adaptation of ''The Informers'', from the perspective of Clay. Positive reviews felt it was a culmination of the themes begun respectively in ''Less Than Zero,'' ''American Psycho'' and ''Lunar Park''. Negative reviews noted the novel's rehashed themes and listless writing. Ellis expressed interest in writing the screenplay for the ''Fifty Shades of Grey'' film adaptation. He discussed casting with his followers, and even mentioned meeting with the film's producers, as well as noting he felt it went well.〔("Fifty Shades of Grey: a very positive meeting last week with producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti. Seems we're all on the same page." ) Bret Easton Ellis' Twitter account. Retrieved July 30, 2012〕 The job eventually went to Kelly Marcel, Patrick Marber and Mark Bomback. In 2012, Ellis wrote the screenplay for the independent film ''The Canyons'' and helped raise money for its production. The film was released in 2013 and although critically panned, was a small financial success, with the performance of Lindsay Lohan in the lead role earning some positive reviews. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bret Easton Ellis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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